2.1.3 Telling the future

Video 2.1.3 provides an engaging introduction to how English conveys future actions. It explores various ways the language expresses the future, from the use of the verb 'to go' as a casual marker of upcoming events to the more formal application of the modal verb “will”. More complex verb  tenses that convey future actions will be discussed in the next video along with the other nine modal verbs and their use.

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2.2.3 Review of “to be”, examples of “to do”, and “modal verbs”

English features relatively simple conjugation compared to other Indo-European languages, relying significantly on auxiliary verbs and word order to establish grammatical structure. It expresses tense primarily through analytical structures—namely auxiliary verbs and word order—while utilizing limited inflection for verb conjugation related to tense and subject agreement (e.g., "I am," "he is"). This video explores the uses and conjugation of the verb "to be," but more importantly, it highlights the significance of another crucial verb, "to do." Additionally, it introduces modal verbs, which serve as key auxiliary verbs, playing a vital role in allowing the language to convey complex expressions, meanings, and tenses.

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2.3.3 The verb 'to get'

This video presents a series of sequentially prepared examples showcasing the use of the verb "to get." These examples highlight its versatility as a substitute for other verbs while preserving meaning and intent. It illustrates its role in phrasal verbs, which enable nuanced expression, and familiarizes learners with its usage in informal speech. The video also demonstrates how the verb conveys causation, as seen in phrases like "I got him to help me." Finally, it introduces learners to various idiomatic expressions that incorporate the verb.

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2.4.3 Gerunds and present participles

When a verb ends with "ing," it can function as either a gerund or a present participle, each serving a distinct role in the sentence. This video explores the common uses of both forms, beginning with the progressive tense, which is formed with the verb "to be" (e.g., "I am walking"). It illustrates how gerunds act as nouns, allowing them to serve as subjects or objects in a sentence (e.g., "Walking is enjoyable"), while present participles function as adjectives or modifiers, adding descriptive detail to nouns (e.g., "The walking man waved"). By clarifying these differences, the video provides valuable insights into how "ing" forms enrich the English language and enhance our ability to convey complex ideas and actions. 

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2.5.4 Participles: as modifiers and as components  of tenses and voices

This video provides a comprehensive exploration of the present and past participles, showcasing their essential roles in English grammar. It delves into how these participles function as critical components in forming continuous and perfect tenses, enabling speakers to express ongoing actions, completed actions, or states of being with precision. Additionally, the video highlights their contribution to constructing passive voice expressions, where the focus shifts from the doer of the action to the recipient. Beyond their grammatical roles in verb structures, the video also examines the versatility of participles in other contexts. It shows how the present participle (-ing form) can serve as a modifier, adding descriptive detail to nouns or pronouns, and how the past participle (-ed or irregular forms) can function as a noun in certain constructions. Through clear examples and explanations, this video offers valuable insights into the dynamic uses of participles in both written and spoken English.

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2.6.5 Reviewing the present, past, and present tenses

Video 2.6.5 provides an in-depth review of the construction and usage of the present, past, and present perfect tenses, along with their respective continuous forms. Through examples and engaging visuals, it demonstrates how these tenses are used to convey time-specific actions, states, or events. The video also emphasizes the distinctions between simple and continuous forms, highlighting how continuous tenses express ongoing or progressive actions, while perfect tenses focus on completed actions or their results. By combining clear explanations with practical examples, the video equips learners with a solid understanding of these fundamental grammatical structures.

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2.7.6  Reviewing Auxiliary Verbs

This video provides examples and exercises that focus on the verbs”to do” and “to be” in their roles as auxiliary verbs, as well as the most commonly used modal verbs, such as “can”, “must”, and “should”. It also introduces viewers to the common practice of answering questions where these auxiliary verbs form part of the predicate. In such cases, the auxiliary verb is used in the response, while the base verb remains silent, streamlining communication and avoiding redundancy. Through practical demonstrations, the video clarifies these grammatical conventions and their application in everyday language.